https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZWqbD5cXso

Methods of contraception:

I. Oral contraception pills (OCP): Induces anovulation

A. Combined oral contraceptive pills (COC):

• Mala D: Levonorgestrel 0.15 mg + Ethinyl estradiol 0.03 mg + Fe-fumarate • Mala N: Levonorgestrel 0.15 mg + Ethinyl estradiol 0.03 mg + Fe-fumarate (Govt. supply, free of cost)

B. Progesterone only pills (POP) - suitable for lactating women • Norethisterone 350 ug • Norgestrel 75 ug • Levonorgestrel (LNG) 30 ug

C. Once a month or long-acting pills - highly disappointing results • Quinestrol (long-acting estrogen) + short-acting progesterone

D. Gossypol (male pill): Cottonseed derivative and causes azoospermia and severe oligospermia

II. Injectable contraceptives:

A. Progesterone only injectables: • DMPA 150 mg IM every 3 months (given under ANTARA program) • NET-EN 200 mg IM every 2 months

B. Combined injectables: • Cyclofem: DMPA 25 mg + Estradiol cypionate 5 mg • Mesigyna: NET-EN 50 mg + Estradiol valerate 5 mg

III. Subdermal implants:

• Norplant I - Levonorgestrel 35 mg • Norplant II or Jadelle - 2 rods with levonorgestrel 70 mg in each and released at a rate of 50 ug/day

IV. Others: • Hormonal UCD: Mirena which contains LNG 52 mg with release rate of 20ug/day • Orthoevra patch: Norelgestomin + Ethinyl estradiol weekly for 3 weeks, then patch free for 1 week • Vaginal ring or Nuvaring: Etonogestrel + ethinyl estradiol daily release, use for 3 weeks with withdrawal for 1 week