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Colorectal cancer (CRC) refers to malignant tumors arising from the epithelium of the colon or rectum, typically through the adenoma–carcinoma sequence.
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Colorectal carcinoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6v-y6hr4EQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9nmRjmHJ-U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44Eq2pZO9LM
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071732
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-019-0189-8
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Global incidence | ~1.9 million new cases/year (GLOBOCAN 2020) |
| Peak age | 60–75 years |
| Sex distribution | Slight male predominance |
| Trends | Rising in younger populations; screening improves early detection |
The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise sporadically through acquired somatic genomic alterations, whereas 35–40% of cases are associated with inherited CRC susceptibility. The heritable components are contributed by family history of CRC, hereditary cancer syndromes, known common but low-penetrance genetic variations and other inherited aberrations yet to be discovered. Regardless of whether CRCs arise sporadically or have hereditary components, environmental factors can influence their carcinogenesis. For example, a substantial proportion of CRCs clustered in individuals with a positive family history are not inherited, but occur through acquired genomic aberrations.
FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis; HNPCC, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Keum, N., Giovannucci, E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16, 713–732 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-019-0189-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2025.03.012
https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.478
Lifestyle and Environmental